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血之黑旗：ISIS崛起的祕密

為了解決韓國研究 所要 讀 幾 年的問題，作者JobyWarrick 這樣論述：

　　2016 年普立茲獎最佳非小說 　　布萊德利庫柏攜手HBO改編為迷你影集 　　籠罩全球的恐怖組織之歷程 　　在扣人心弦的戲劇性敘事中，普利茲獎獲獎記者喬比‧渥瑞克追溯了伊斯蘭國背後的伊斯蘭民兵如何在一個偏遠的約旦監獄出現端倪，然後在兩位美國總統不知情的幫助下傳播。 　　當約旦政府在1999年對一群政治犯實行特赦時，很少有人意識到他們之中有一個是恐怖分子策劃者阿布‧穆薩布‧扎卡維，很快就是伊斯蘭運動的創造者，一心想主宰中東。在《血之黑旗》一書中，一個前所未有的、吸引人的伊斯蘭國崛起的事件，喬比‧渥瑞克展示此人的狂熱，以及布希和歐巴馬總統的戰略錯誤，如何導致伊斯蘭國的旗

幟，在敘利亞和伊拉克的大片地區被升起。 　　扎卡維從伊拉克北部基地指揮恐怖攻擊開始，但正是2003年的美國人入侵，將他推向了一場龐大的叛亂之首。錯誤地認定他是薩達姆和賓‧拉登之間的聯繫，美國官員無意中激怒了志同道合的激進派，為他的事業團結起來。他們的野蠻斬首和自殺炸彈的浪潮，一直持續到2006年美國和約旦情報發現線索，導致對扎卡維隱藏處的致命空襲。 　　然而他的運動持續著。首先在伊拉克稱他們自己為蓋達，後來是伊拉克與敘利亞伊斯蘭國或ISIS，他的追隨者在伊拉克敘利亞邊境不穩定的無政府地區裡避難。當敘利亞的內戰在2011年爆發，而在美國大力介入下，伊斯蘭國抓住機會延續扎卡維的夢想—極端保守的

伊斯蘭哈里發國。 　　利用對中情局和約旦情報來源的獨家高級訪問權，渥瑞克根據外交官、間諜、將軍和國家元首的觀點，編織出扣人心弦的操作細節，他們許多人預見到一種比蓋達更糟糕的威脅，並試圖拼命地阻止它。《血之黑旗》是一個輝煌而明確的歷史，揭示了當今最危險的極端主義威脅漫長的歷史軌跡。  

韓國研究 所要 讀 幾 年進入發燒排行的影片

An Integrated Approach For Uncovering Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

為了解決韓國研究 所要 讀 幾 年的問題，作者VAIBHAV KUMAR SUNKARIA 這樣論述：

Introduction - Lung cancer is one of primal and ubiquitous cause of cancer related fatalities in the world. Leading cause of these fatalities is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a proportion of 85%. The major subtypes of NSCLC are Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Small Cell Carcinoma (LUS

C). Early-stage surgical detection and removal of tumor offers a favorable prognosis and better survival rates. However, a major portion of 75% subjects have stage III/IV at the time of diagnosis and despite advanced major developments in oncology survival rates remain poor. Carcinogens produce wide

spread DNA methylation changes within cells. These changes are characterized by globally hyper or hypo methylated regions around CpG islands, many of these changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly prevalent across a tumor type.Structure - This research work took advantage of publicly avai

lable methylation profiling resources and relevant comorbidities for lung cancer patients extracted from meta-analysis of scientific review and journal available at PubMed and CNKI search which were combined systematically to explore effective DNA methylation markers for NSCLC. We also tried to iden

tify common CpG loci between Caucasian, Black and Asian racial groups for identifying ubiquitous candidate genes thoroughly. Statistical analysis and GO ontology were also conducted to explore associated novel biomarkers. These novel findings could facilitate design of accurate diagnostic panel for

practical clinical relevance.Methodology - DNA methylation profiles were extracted from TCGA for 418 LUAD and 370 LUSC tissue samples from patients compared with 32 and 42 non-malignant ones respectively. Standard pipeline was conducted to discover significant differentially methylated sites as prim

ary biomarkers. Secondary biomarkers were extracted by incorporating genes associated with comorbidities from meta-analysis of research articles. Concordant candidates were utilized for NSCLC relevant biomarker candidates. Gene ontology annotations were used to calculate gene-pair distance matrix fo

r all candidate biomarkers. Clustering algorithms were utilized to categorize candidate genes into different functional groups using the gene distance matrix. There were 35 CpG loci identified by comparing TCGA training cohort with GEO testing cohort from these functional groups, and 4 gene-based pa

nel was devised after finding highly discriminatory diagnostic panel through combinatorial validation of each functional cluster.Results – To evaluate the gene panel for NSCLC, the methylation levels of SCT(Secritin), FOXD3(Forkhead Box D3), TRIM58(Tripartite Motif Containing 58) and TAC1(Tachikinin

1) were tested. Individually each gene showed significant methylation difference between LUAD and LUSC training cohort. Combined 4-gene panel AUC, sensitivity/specificity were evaluated with 0.9596, 90.43%/100% in LUAD; 0.949, 86.95%/98.21% in LUSC TCGA training cohort; 0.94, 85.92%/97.37 in GEO 66

836; 0.91,89.17%/100% in GEO 83842 smokers; 0.948, 91.67%/100% in GEO83842 non-smokers independent testing cohort. Our study validates SCT, FOXD3, TRIM58 and TAC1 based gene panel has great potential in early recognition of NSCLC undetermined lung nodules. The findings can yield universally accurate

and robust markers facilitating early diagnosis and rapid severity examination.